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Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate knowledge of significant events (e.g., vacuum tube, transistors, integrated circuit, Turing test) and influential contributors (e.g., Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, Grace Hopper) in the history of computer science.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the responsible use of technology, social media, and digital citizenship, including appropriate etiquette, cyberbullying, and consequences of misuse.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the impact of technology on society (e.g., environment, economy, financial markets, medicine, education) and the influence of society on technology.
- Demonstrate knowledge of issues related to the ethical and legal use of computers and information (e.g., privacy, confidentiality, information sharing, intellectual property rights, hacking).
- Demonstrate knowledge of issues related to the equitable use of technology (e.g., language, disabilities, access to technology, culture, socioeconomic status).
Sample Item:
Which of the following statements best describes how Grace Hopper contributed to the field of computer science?
- She combined transistors, capacitators, and other components onto a single chip.
- She designed the logic gate architecture to perform various computational operations.
- She wrote the source code for the protocol used for early networks.
- She developed one of the first high-level programming languages.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
D. Grace Hopper (1906– to 1992) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy and a computer scientist. She invented one of the first compiler-related tools and her work on machine-independent programming languages led to the development of COBOL.
Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate knowledge of issues related to the safe and effective use of technology and digital citizenship, including online safety and privacy of electronic student information.
- Apply knowledge of principles and concepts related to an inquiry-based computer science curriculum.
- Apply knowledge of issues related to diversity in computer science education and strategies for fostering an inclusive computing learning environment.
- Apply knowledge of developmentally appropriate instructional strategies and practices to support the diverse needs of all learners.
- Demonstrate knowledge of effective approaches for promoting collaboration and developing communication skills.
- Demonstrate knowledge of issues related to mobile computing, computer literacy, computational thinking, and collaboration and communication in computer science.
Sample Item:
A computer science curriculum that begins with a unit on problem solving instead of beginning with computer programming is likely to foster inclusive learning primarily because beginning with problem solving:
- provides students with opportunities to succeed regardless of their previous coding experience.
- teaches students the importance of working collaboratively in computer science.
- allows students without previous coding experience to take extra time to pre-learn code syntax.
- helps students of all backgrounds and abilities determine whether computer science is of personal interest.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
A. Problem solving is a necessary skill in computer science and many other disciplines. When a unit begins with problem solving, students have the opportunity to engage with material that is concrete and relevant, and to use strategies with which they may already be familiar. This helps students build confidence in their ability to solve problems before moving on to coding computer projects.
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